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Background: In Bangladesh, bloodstream infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and empirical treatment based on clinical symptoms. Patient's final outcome might be improved with detailed and organized surveillance studies on bloodstream isolates and their resistance. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted with a total of 520 suspected bacteremia patients from December 2017 to November 2018. Results: Approximately 60% and 49% of the suspected cases were male and in the age group 17–50 years, respectively, with increasing prevalence found from May 2018 to November 2018, whereas, highest was found in July 2018. Only 11.15% of the patients showed blood culture positive outcomes with 74% were Gram-negative and 26% were Gram-positive. Highest drug resistance was found with azithromycin against all the isolates, except for Staphylococcus aureus that showed 50% resistance. Among 58 isolates, 57 and 56 isolates were found sensitive to imipenem and amikacin, respectively. However, all the tested isolates were found 100% sensitive against fourth generation, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam. There were no isolates completely resistant to all the antibiotics tested. It is alarming that 22.41% of the isolates were found multidrug resistant. Conclusion: We expect our present work will be helpful for health-care personnel to provide improved treatment, as well as the researcher and policymakers from hospital and government to take a step in reducing the irrational antibiotic practice.

Background: Postoperative shivering is a major dilemma in most major surgeries. It is a consequence of perioperative hypothermia, attributed to the use of obsolete anesthetic regiments being used in the field of veterinary medicine. Shivering is a protective mechanism to compensate for the thermoregulatory status of the individual. This phenomenon is most aptly observed in small mammals and rodents while recovering from anesthesia induced by ketamine and xylazine combination. Objectives: This study used rabbits as a model to demonstrate and qualitatively analyze the comparative efficacy of nalbuphine and tramadol to control postoperative shivering. Materials and Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into three different groups, i.e., A, B, and C. The average values of temperature, pulse, and respiration in Group A (control) were 101.37 ± 0.99, 112 ± 27.32, and 80 ± 10.06, respectively. Results: Similarly, the values of these parameters obtained from Group B (nalbuphine) were 102.37 ± 0.67, 102.8 ± 29.68, and 74.9 ± 28.72 as compared to Group C (tramadol) were 101.79 ± 0.82, 102.3 ± 22.47, and 66.8 ± 14.55. The incidence of postoperative shivering was significantly lesser in Group B, whereby 80% of the individuals completely stopped shivering, whereas in case of Group C, only 65% of the individuals underwent complete cessation of shivering. Conclusion: administering opioids perioperatively can profoundly inhibit the incidence of postanesthetic shivering and may counteract the malicious effects of anesthesia and surgical procedure.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the intervention effect of group intervention on the depression of urban college students and explore the methods of group training in colleges and universities. Methods: In this study, forty students with depression were selected as participants, and they were divided into the observation group and control group randomly. 49D cognitive coping group training and psychological intervention were carried out for the students in the observation group, and the normal training was taken in the control group. The intervention effects of three kinds of measuring tools, namely Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), attritional style questionnaire, and SCSQ were compared to 7D college students before and after intervention. After 6 months, the SDS self-assessment scale was used to measure the return visit. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in depression score between the observation group and the control group before intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Group intervention on the depression of urban college students can obviously improve their depression and promote their mental health. Therefore, it should be actively carried out.

Study Background: Raw cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit juice contains substances of health benefits. Na, K, urea, and creatinine are indices of nephrotoxicity. Overdose of amoxicillin, an antibiotic, could cause hemolysis and nephrotoxicity. Aim and Objective: This work was therefore designed to evaluate plasma Na, K, urea, and creatinine in rabbits given amoxicillin overdose supplemented with cucumber (C. sativus) fruit juice. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rabbits of the same sex weighing 0.9–1.4 kg divided into three groups of five rabbits each were used for the study. Group A – Five control rabbits; Group B – Five rabbits given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days which was followed by 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; Group C – Five rabbits given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h and raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days simultaneously. Plasma K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL) were determined in the rabbits biochemically by spectrophotometry using COBAS 111. Results: There was a significant decrease in the plasma values of K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL) following the administration of 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days than when they were given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days with P < 0.05. There was a significant increase in the plasma values of K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL) following the administration 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days than when they were given 30 mL of raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; basal samples; and also than the results obtained from the control rabbits with P < 0.05. There was also a significant increase in the plasma values of K (mmol/L), following the administration of 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days than the results obtained from the control rabbits with P < 0.05. Conclusion: This work revealed possible nephrotoxicity following the administration of amoxicillin overdose as indicated by raised plasma K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL), while the supplementation of raw cucumber fruit juice revealed nephroprotective and decrease in plasma K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL). Raw cucumber fruit juice could be applied to reduce drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

Study Background: Raw cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit juice contains substances of health benefits. Metabolism of lipids takes place in the liver. Overdose of amoxicillin (an antibiotic) can cause hemolysis, hepatotoxicity, and inflammation. Aim and Objective: This work was designed to determine the possible metabolic abnormalities of total cholesterol (T-Chol), total triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) in rabbits given amoxicillin overdose and raw cucumber (C. sativus) fruit juice. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rabbits of the same sex weighing 0.9–1.4 kg divided into three groups of five rabbits each were used for the study. Group A – Five control rabbits; Group B – Five rabbits given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days which was followed by 30 ml raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; Group C – Five rabbits were given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h and raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days simultaneously. Plasma T-Chol, total TGs, and HDL-Chol were determined in the rabbits biochemically using spectrophotometry. Results: The results obtained showed a significant decrease in the plasma T-Chol and HDL-Chol in the rabbits when they were given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days compared with the results obtained in the normal control rabbits, their basal samples, and the results obtained when the rabbits were supplemented with 30 ml raw cucumber fruit juice for 14 days after amoxicillin overdose with P < 0.05. Conclusion: The work showed a significant decrease in the plasma T-ChoL and HDL-Chol in the rabbits when they were given overdose of amoxicillin while plasma values of these parameters were significantly increased though not higher than in the control rabbits and basal samples when the rabbits were supplemented with raw cucumber fruit juice.

Online since 2^nd November 2018.